Title: Comparison on the Regeneration of Herbaceous Plants: Mayana (Coeus blumei benth.), Angelica (Angelica archangelica), and Kalabo (Coleus aromaticus benth.)
Abstract:
Regeneration is particularly in animals like lizards. The researcher wants to find out if the plant can also regenerate like animals. She wants to know if theplants grow a new part to replace the one that was lost.
This study will help us know if the Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo can regenerate and grow new part after it was cut off. Regeneration will not only be in animals such as lizards, but also in plants. This study would also help us know how to produce more kinds of plants in more pratical ways.
In one month, the researcher planted the herbaceous plants. The researcher made 3 trials each herbaceous plant in the same size. She then observed the pieces of branches of the three herbaceous plants for 3 weeks. In twelve to thirteen days, there were growth occurred in the stump.
Results showed that the herbaceous plants grew a new part to replaced the one that was lost. Regeneration also occurred in plants. Therefore, the plant can aslo regenerate like animals do.
Chapter 1
Background of the Study:
Regeneration is when an being regrows a lost limb or other body part. It is particularly in animals. For example, some lizards can regenerate their tails if they break off. In biology, regeneration is the ability to recreate lost or damaged tissues, organs and limbs.
Mayana (Coeus blumei benth.) is an erect, branched, fleshy annual herb, about 1m high. This plant is cultivated for ornamental purposes and this plant can make volatile oils. Angelica (Angelica archangelica) is a biennial herb with a height of 1-1.5m. Its uses is for culinary. This plant grows best in semi-shade. Kalabo (Coleus aromaticus benth.) is an aromatic Eurasian plant related to marjoram, with small purple flowers and leaves used as a culinary herb. Fresh leaves yield 0.055 volatile oils, largely carvacrol.
In this relation, the researcher, wants to find out if the plant can also regenerate like animals. In this study, the researcher uses Mayana (Coeus blumei benth.), Angelica (Angelica archangelica), and Kalabo (Coleus aromaticus benth.) plants because they are durable and easy to grow.
Statement of the Problem:
The researcher wants to study regeneration in plants and wants to know if the plants grow a new part to replace the one that was lost.
The researcher aims to answer the ff. questions:
1. Does Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo plants die if a part is cut off?
2. Does the part die after being cut from the Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo plants?
3. Does the three (3) hebaceous plants grow a new part to replace the one that was lost?
Hypotheses:
1. The Mayana, Ange;lica, and Kalabo plants grow a new part to replace the one that was lost.
2. The three (3) plants die after their parts are cut off.
Significance of the Study:
This study will help us know if the Mayana (Coeus blumei benth.), Angelica (Angelica archangelica), and Kalabo (Coleus aromaticus benth.) can regenerate and grow new part after it was cut off. Regeneration will not only be in animals such as lizards, but also in plants. This study would also help us know how to produce more kinds of plants in more practical ways.
Scope and Limitation:
This study entitled: Comparison on the Regeneration of Herbaceous Plants: Mayan (Coeus blumei benth.), Angelica (Angelica archangelica) and Kalabo (Coleus aromaticus benth.) is limited only in regeneration of the parts that were cut off on the three (3) herbaceous plants. The treatment of the pieces of branches and the three (3) plants where the pieces of branch were cut off are the same: from the tin cans, water treatment, moist soil and source of light.
Definition of Terms:
annual- a plant that lives only one year.
biennial- lasting two years; occurring every tow years: a plant that lasts for two years.
durable- lasting; not easily worn out.
herbaceous- of or like herbs; green and leafy.
regeneration- the ability to recreate lost or damged tissues, organs and limbs.
volatile- evaporating rapidly; lively; changeable.
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
Mayana (Coeus blumei benth.) is an erect, branched, fleshy annual herb, about 1m high. Stems, purplish and 4-angled. Leaves are blotched or colored, ovate, 5-10cm long, with toothed margins. Flowers are purplish, numerous, in simple or branched inflorescences, 15-30cm long. This plant can make volatile oils and cure bruises and spraina, carminative, headache, mild bleeding of wounds, sinusitis, dyspepsia, and eye inflammation. It may be grown in the garden in bright, indirect light, or in practical shade, and will survive full sun exposure.<http://www.yahoo.com/>
Angelica (Angelica archangelica) is a biennial herb-growing the first year and flowering the second- it will continue to live for several more years if you dip off the flower stems before they bloom. The yellowish green, tropical looking leaves are large, becoming about 0.7-1m long, and are divided into 3 leaflets with toothed edges. Angelica likes moist, rich soil that is slightly acis, growing best in semi-shade. Its uses is for culinary. <http://www.google.com.ph/> <http://www.wikipedia.org/>
Kalabo (Coleus aromaticus benth.) is an aromatic Eurasian ploant related to marjoram, with small purple flowers and leaves used as a culinary herb. Strongly aromatic erect, spreading plant, with many branches, with fleshy leaves and stems. Leaves are heart-shaped, 4 to 9cm long, the margins toothed and rounded, with small flowers. Its medicinal uses are for dyspepsia, asthma, chronic coughs, bronchits, coloic, flatulence, rheumatism, otalgia (ear aches), carbuncles, boils, sprains, felons, painful swellings and sore throats. <http://www.yahoo.com/> <http://www.google.com.ph/>
Chapter 3
Methodology
Materials:
1. Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo plants (each growing in tin can)
2. Empty tin cans of the same size as the ones with Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo plants
3. Plastic bags
4. Razor blades or sharp knives
5. soil
6. labels
7. waxed paper
8. string
Procedures:
A. Growing of the Herbaceous Plants for one month and observation of growth
The researcher planted the herbaceous plants namely Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo in tin cans with the same size. The researcher observed the growth of the plants in one month. She made a table data in observing the growth of the plants.
Table 1: Growth of the Herbaceous Plants for one month
Plants ---- Height(cm)
Mayana
Angelica
Kalabo
B. Cuttings and Regeneration
The researcher made 3 trials each herbaceous plants in the same size as the ones with Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo plants. She selected towo branches of the Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo plants, each 5 or more centimeters in leght. She cutted off each branch about 1cm above the bottom pair of leaves. She cut two pieces 3 to 4cm long having at least 1 pair of leaves. With a piece of string, she attached label with the letter "A" to the pieces, two pieces 3 to 4cm long which includes a portion located between 2pairs of leaves. She labeled these leafless pieces "B". The researcher took the second and third branches and plant it upright in the soil. She labeled these branches "C" and made sure that at least 3 to 4cm of its stem is buried in the soil. She inverted a plastic bag over the can and fasten the open end around the rim of the can with string. She wrapped one of the split stumps near its base with a few turns of string, so that the two cut surfaces were held together. She placed a piece of waxed paper between the halves of the other split and wrapped it also with 1 or 2 turns of string. The two cut surfaces were thus separated by the waxed paper. She placed the 9 cans where they received light during the day, but where the temperature is not too high (not over 25-32 degrees Celsius). She checked the cans every 2 or 3 days and add water if necessary. After 3 weeks, she removed the plastic bag and examined the pieces which were placed in the soil.
Table A: Cuttings
Plants ----Pieces ----------------------Days
-----------------------1 ---2 ---3 ---4--- 5--- 6--- 7--- 8--- 9--- 10--- 11--- 12--- 13
Mayana ----A
Mayana ----A
-------------B
-------------C
Angelica ----A
-------------B
-------------C
Kalabo -----A
-------------B
-------------C
Legend:
1-no particular change happened
2-cut surface begin to changed
3-there are development on the sides or on the corners of the stem
4-growth of either the stem/leaves on the cut surface
Table B: Regeneration of the Parent Herbaceous Plants
Plants ---------Cuts----------------------- Days
-----------------------1--- 2--- 3--- 4--- 5--- 6--- 7--- 8--- 9--- 10--- 11--- 12--- 13
-----------------------1--- 2--- 3--- 4--- 5--- 6--- 7--- 8--- 9--- 10--- 11--- 12--- 13
Mayana --------A
-----------------B
-----------------C
Angelica --------A
-----------------B
-----------------C
-----------------C
Kalabo ---------A
-----------------B
-----------------C
Kalabo -------A------1--- 1---- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4----- 4--- 4
---------------B------1--- 1---- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4----- 4--- 4
Legend:
1-no particular change happened
2-cut surface begin to change
3-there are development on the sides/on the corners of the stem
4-growth of wither the stem/leaves on the cut surface
5-growth occurred in the stump
Chapter 4
Results and Discussion
In this chapter, it tries to discuss the observation noted on the regeneration of the herbaceous plants: Mayana (Coeus blumei benth.), Angelica (Angelica archangelica), and Kalabo (Coleus aromaticus benth.).
Table 1: Growth of the Plants in one month
Plants---- --Height(cm)
Mayana ---- 31.4
Angelica ---- 29.6
Kalabo ----- 22.1
In Table 1, the researcher grew the herbaceous plants in one month in tin cans with the same size, and with the same treatment.
Table 2: Cuttings of the Pieces of the Herbaceous Plants
Plants ------Pieces ------------------------------Days
----------------------1--- 2--- 3--- 4--- 5--- 6--- 7--- 8--- 9--- 10--- 11--- 12--- 13
Mayana ------A------1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4 --- 4----- 4
---------------B------1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4 --- 4---- 4
---------------C------1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4 --- 4-----4
Angelica------ A------1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4---- 4--- 4
---------------B----- 1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4---- 4--- 4
---------------C----- 1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4---- 4--- 4
----------------------1--- 2--- 3--- 4--- 5--- 6--- 7--- 8--- 9--- 10--- 11--- 12--- 13
Mayana ------A------1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4 --- 4----- 4
---------------B------1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4 --- 4---- 4
---------------C------1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4 --- 4-----4
Angelica------ A------1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4---- 4--- 4
---------------B----- 1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4---- 4--- 4
---------------C----- 1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4---- 4--- 4
Kalabo -------A------1--- 1---- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4----- 4--- 4
---------------B------1--- 1---- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4----- 4--- 4
---------------C------1--- 1---- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4----- 4--- 4
Legend:
1-no particular change happened
2-cut surface begin to changed
3-there are development on the side or on the corners of the stem
4-growth of either the stem or laves on the cut surface
Table 3: Regeneration of the Parent Herbaceous Plants
Plants---------- Cuts--------------------------------Days
-----------------------1--- 2--- 3--- 4--- 5--- 6--- 7--- 8--- 9--- 10--- 11--- 12--- 13
Mayana---------A-----1--- 1--- 1---- 1--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3 ---4 ----4 -----5---- 5
Kalabo---------- A----1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
In Table 2 and Table 3, the researcher made a legend in her observation of the pieces of the herbaceous plants and the regeneration of the parent herbaceous plants. As observed, in a shorter days, the pieces that were cut off on the parent herbaceous plants had changed and showed changes on the cut surface. Regeneration on the parent herbaceous plants also showed changes in a shorter days as well. The three pieces of Mayana in Table 2 doesn't showed change in three days. In four to seven days, the cut surface of pieces A, B, and C began to change. In eight to ten days, there are development on the sides or on the corners of the stem and in eleven to thirteen days, there were growth of either the stem or leaves on the cut surface. Pieces of Angelica and Kalabo showed no change in one to three days, but in four to six days, their cut 
surface of Angelica began to change while Kalabo cuts were in four to seven days. Angelica cuts showed developments on the sides or on the corners of the stem in seven to ten days while Kalabo cuts showed developments in eight to ten days. In eleven to thirteen days, pieces A, B, and C of Angelica and Kalabo showed growth of either the stem or leaves on the cut surface. Table 3 showed the observation noted of the regeneration of the parent herbaceous plants. Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo plants showed no change in one to four days. In five to six days, their cut surfaces began to change. In seven to nine days, there were development on the sides or on the corners of the stem. In ten to eleven days, the cuts showed growth of either the stem or leaves on the cut surface. In twelve to thirteen days, there were 
growth occurred in the stump.
Mayana---------A-----1--- 1--- 1---- 1--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3 ---4 ----4 -----5---- 5
-----------------B---- 1----1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
-----------------C---- 1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
Angelica---------A---- 1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
Angelica---------A---- 1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
-----------------B---- 1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
-----------------C ---- 1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
Kalabo---------- A----1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
----------------- B---- 1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
-----------------C ---- 1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
Legend:
1-no particular change happened
2-cut surface begin to change
3-there are development on the sides/on the corners of the stem
4-growth of either the stem/leaves on the cut surface
5-growth occurred in the stump
In Table 2 and Table 3, the researcher made a legend in her observation of the pieces of the herbaceous plants and the regeneration of the parent herbaceous plants. As observed, in a shorter days, the pieces that were cut off on the parent herbaceous plants had changed and showed changes on the cut surface. Regeneration on the parent herbaceous plants also showed changes in a shorter days as well. The three pieces of Mayana in Table 2 doesn't showed change in three days. In four to seven days, the cut surface of pieces A, B, and C began to change. In eight to ten days, there are development on the sides or on the corners of the stem and in eleven to thirteen days, there were growth of either the stem or leaves on the cut surface. Pieces of Angelica and Kalabo showed no change in one to three days, but in four to six days, their cut 
surface of Angelica began to change while Kalabo cuts were in four to seven days. Angelica cuts showed developments on the sides or on the corners of the stem in seven to ten days while Kalabo cuts showed developments in eight to ten days. In eleven to thirteen days, pieces A, B, and C of Angelica and Kalabo showed growth of either the stem or leaves on the cut surface. Table 3 showed the observation noted of the regeneration of the parent herbaceous plants. Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo plants showed no change in one to four days. In five to six days, their cut surfaces began to change. In seven to nine days, there were development on the sides or on the corners of the stem. In ten to eleven days, the cuts showed growth of either the stem or leaves on the cut surface. In twelve to thirteen days, there were 
growth occurred in the stump.Chapter 5
Conclusion:
Results showed that the herbaceous plants grew a new part to replaced the one that was lost. Regeneration also occurred in plants. Therefore, the plant can aslo regenerate like animals do.
Recommendations:
The researcher recommended to research and provide study related to this investigatory project.
Bibliography:
Acknowledgment
The researcher want to thank the ff. people who helped her in her study:
- To my parents; Mr.&Mrs. Suson for the moral and financial support.
- My classmates for answering my questions in relation to my study.
- My friends for cheering me up while doing this study.
- To my beloved teacher in Research, Ms. Balve Granido, for guiding me in my write-ups also for supporting me.
- And especially to God, for enlightening my mind, for guiding me, for the support and for the blessings.
